> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.stable.xyz/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Confidential transfer

> Confidential transfer mechanism for privacy-preserving USDT transactions with regulatory compliance on Stable.

**Confidential Transfer** is a privacy layer on Stable that shields the **amount** of a USDT0 transfer while keeping sender and recipient addresses publicly visible. The shielded amount is readable only by the transacting parties and authorized regulatory auditors, using zero-knowledge (ZK) cryptography to prove validity without revealing the value. The feature is under development; this page describes the target model.

## The problem it solves

Standard on-chain transfers are fully transparent; anyone can read the sender, recipient, and amount. For business payments, that transparency is a data-leakage problem:

* A retailer paying suppliers on-chain exposes order volumes and wholesale pricing to any observer.
* A treasury moving funds between accounts advertises its position sizes.
* A payroll run publishes salary data to the entire network.

Full opacity (Monero-style) would solve this but breaks compliance: regulators and auditors can't verify the transaction. Selective confidentiality (amounts hidden, parties auditable) is the model Stable targets.

## What stays visible, what doesn't

| Field              | Visible on-chain | Shielded |
| :----------------- | :--------------- | :------- |
| Sender address     | ✓                |          |
| Recipient address  | ✓                |          |
| Transfer amount    |                  | ✓        |
| Auxiliary metadata |                  | ✓        |

The shielded amount is encrypted. Valid proofs attest that the transfer is balance-consistent (no inflation, no negative amounts) without revealing the value itself. Only the sender, recipient, and authorized regulatory auditors can decrypt the shielded value.

## How it fits the compliance model

Two properties make the design auditable:

* **Deterministic auditor access.** Regulatory auditors hold keys that decrypt shielded amounts for transactions in their jurisdiction. Business privacy is preserved against random observers; compliance scrutiny is not.
* **Standard address transparency.** AML/KYC tooling that operates on address-level flows (sanction checks, source-of-funds analysis) works against the same public address graph as any transparent chain.

## When to use it

Confidential Transfer fits any flow where the amount is commercially sensitive but the counterparties are appropriately public:

* Supplier and invoice payments where order sizes reveal pricing.
* Treasury operations where position sizes reveal strategy.
* Payroll where individual salaries shouldn't be indexable by competitors.
* Large OTC settlements where price discovery against orderbook tape is a risk.

For flows that need address-level privacy as well (e.g. whistleblower donations), Confidential Transfer alone isn't sufficient. Those use cases need additional address-obscuring primitives that Stable doesn't provide.

## Status

Confidential Transfer is in development. See [Roadmap](/en/explanation/technical-roadmap) for timing. The mechanism will ship as a dedicated transfer path alongside standard USDT0 transfers; existing applications that don't opt in are unaffected.

## Next recommended

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="USDT as gas" icon="fuel" href="/en/explanation/usdt-as-gas-token">
    Understand the asset model confidential transfers shield.
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  <Card title="Flow of funds" icon="arrow-right-left" href="/en/explanation/flow-of-funds">
    See where confidentiality fits in the end-to-end payment lifecycle.
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